建筑设计被视为一门游走在天马行空的想象与工程能力的现实之间的艺术，建筑师往往需要将纯粹的构想削切，以适应物理、经济乃至社会需求的客观限制，然而，总有开拓者走在前人“不可能”的道路上，挑战既定规则，完成“忽视地球表面束缚”的技术突破，将天马行空的出众结构带入现实。这些结构也许会在当下被诟病，被质疑是否必须，是否浪费，但技术的进展往往发生在这些“无用的余量”上，我们所生活的世界，建成环境的未来，将由这一批最前沿、最大胆的建筑所使用的构成语言引领和塑造。本文将盘点世界各地一系列近年建成的“挑战不可能”建筑，带读者去看最新的技术将带领我们走向怎样的未来。
o1
跨越悬挑，大尺度的超级结构
由蓝天组设计的大连国际会议中心位于繁华的大连港，在设计上，大连国际会议中心体现了鲜明的地标性，其建筑由漂浮的空间和轻柔的表皮组成，形态犹如行云流水，“回应着大海的召唤”；室内则共享空间，尺度恢宏，展示了开放包容的城市个性；休息大厅向海面伸展，形成一个观海的城市客厅。这座以贝壳状屋顶著称的多功能“城中之城”，占地面积 43000 平方米，总建筑面积约 13.2 万平方米，高 59 米。
它的建筑平面轮廓由两条主要城市轴线的交叉点所组成。从立面涌现的悬臂会议空间创造了一个多面体的体量，独一无二地将自己与周围的环境凸显出来。剧院和会议室被锥形屋顶覆盖。自动的日光系统能够营造多种建筑室内的氛围，进而有助于游客的方向定位。
会议中心由“桌面”与“屋顶”两个要素组成。剧院、会议厅及入口空间均位于钢结构“桌面”上，并由一个既是屋顶也是立面的三维变形结构所包覆。這两部分的钢结构网格在 5 到 8 米之间，整个结构由 14 个钢筋混凝土组成的竖向构件支撑。钢结构主体占地面积相当于 4 个足球场大。
主体钢结构在中国的造船厂内预制而成的，因为只有造船厂才能安全且精确地焊接 10 厘米厚的钢板。在现代科技、新设计和模拟技术的应用、当地造船厂弯曲大型钢板知识的帮助之下，再加上超过 40,000 吨钢材的消耗量，实现了超过 85 米的惊人跨度和超过 40 米的悬臂。工程主体采用多筒超大转换平台高层建筑组合结构体系，平台桁架周边均为悬挑结构，悬挑长度 20〜40 米不等。
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2. 纽约西 57 街 111 号
SHoP Architect
技术创新点：1:24 极细宽高比
纽约西 57 街 111 号既是有着极细形体的超高层公寓大楼，伫立在纽约中央公园旁边，逐渐变细的塔楼形体以其简洁的阶梯式侧轮廓成为了纽约天际线的新标志。这栋大楼高 435 米，是目前西半球最高的住宅大楼，建立在历史建筑“施坦威大厅（steinway hall）”的基础之上。
建筑突破了通常的摩天楼建筑的宽高比，在单层面积仅为约 400 平方米的限制条件下，足有 85 层之高，宽高比达到了惊人的 1:24。建筑结构由混凝土构成，东西两侧的整面墙体与交通核共同作为剪力墙承重结构支撑起瘦长的外形，为了抵消风和震动等外力，建筑加入了一系列布置有舷外框架的楼层，建筑的顶层也装备了重达 730 石的质量减震装置，以抵消建筑所受到的水平方向的力。
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3. 苏州湾大剧院 (2020)
克里斯蒂安·德·包赞巴克（Christian de Portzamparc）
技术创新点：钢结构双飘带
苏州湾文化中心位于苏州吴江太湖东岸，是苏州湾启动总体规划的标志性项目。由普利兹克奖得主克里斯蒂安·德·包赞巴克设计，他意识到须要有一种纽带将场地中的要素（城市、天空、湖水、人）联系起来，“飘带”的灵感正源于此。该建筑面积为 21.5 万平方米，项目分为南北两个片区：北区是已经竣工的苏州湾大剧院，南区是未来逐步开放的博览中心，包括博物馆、展览中心及会议中心。
从湖上的行人轴线处展望建筑，就像两片“翅翼”在建筑顶端连接起来，在核心地带创建了一个朝向天空的巨大拱门。建筑师设计了一根长条状的“飘带”，形如“∞”，从建筑顶端的一片翅翼绕至另一片，接着越过立面，在距地面高达 40 米处与行人轴线交叉，以构筑通往湖水的视觉开口，高低两条钢结构飘带交织成极具标志性的建筑特征，既是大剧院的屋顶，也是博览中心的侧壁。
工程公司奥雅纳承担了项目的结构设计。高位飘带最大跨度达 100 米，低位飘带长度达 370 米，也是国内最长的钢结构飘带。两条飘带集人行天桥和观景台于一身。为展现设计意念并确保结构韧性，奥雅纳为项目设计了“脊桁架”，串联“三角形空间管桁架”的空间弯扭管桁架体系，这一体系有效解决了结构整体稳定性、效率及风致舒适度等挑战，同时显著减少了结构钢用量。
为兼顾建筑美观与结构安全，以三叉柱（三根圆钢管）支撑飘带，项目突破常规做法、创新提出三根圆形钢柱各自独立下插至 4.1 米直径的圆形混凝土柱内，提高结构效率和可实施性，也是国内首创多根钢柱并联的圆形混凝土柱。飘带立面设计采用反射及金属质感显著的阳极氧化铝板，明亮的建筑表面辉映湖光天色，呈现出极具时代感的建筑形象。
福斯特事务所
技术创新点：结构装饰遮阳一体+贝壳状顶层空间
由福斯特事务所设计、Buro Happold工程公司负责结构的科威特国家银行新总部约 300 米高，在科威特金融区不断发展的建筑群中独树一帜。方案将环保意识和结构创新结合在一起，是一座节能的被动式建筑，独特的设计将使办公楼免受科威特极端气候的影响。建筑北侧的弧形立面向内部使用者展现了阿拉伯湾的全景。一系列的混凝土鳍片顺应日照方向排列在一起，沿着塔楼的整个纵向立面延伸，以提供结构支撑和遮阳。60层平面图-冠顶
建筑的 28 个鳍片在顶端收束，呈现贝壳状的弧形，塔楼的独特轮廓使得建筑顶部能够设置宽广的顶层平台，为使用者提供了俯瞰周围全景的机会。为了保证这一空间的纯粹，并且也维护大楼正常运转，设计师将塔楼清洁装置设计为可以自由伸缩的机械臂，藏在了顶层下，当需要时可伸出并环绕塔楼顶部转动，场面颇具科幻色彩。同时，为了同时保证使用面积和交通效率，设计师引入了智能电梯系统。创新的双电梯策略最大限度地减少了项目的核心筒尺寸，从而增加了可用楼板的净面积。
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o2
蜿蜒曲折，复杂多变的异形结构
OMA
技术创新点：悬空球形剧场
台北表演艺术中心位于以日常文化活力著称的台北士林夜市，三个剧场嵌入一个中央立方体，让剧场空间可以组合起来造就新体验。中央立方体将三个剧场的舞台、后台和其他设施，以及为观众而设的公共空间，整合成为一个有效的单元。剧场可以独立或组合在一起使用，成就意想不到的场景和功能。这座被台湾人民戏称为“皮蛋豆腐”的建筑于 12 年开始修建，历时十年，期间经历了第一任施工方的破产与疫情的影响，终于艰难到达终点。
800 席球剧场由內外层构成，这个球形的剧场仿佛是一个星球，停靠于立方体。球剧场内层与中央立方体交接的位置，形成独特的镜框开口，让创作人实验舞台景观的不同可能性。球剧场内外层之间，是通往观众席的动线。大剧院的形状稍为不对称，颠覆了传统的盒形设计。这个 1500 席的剧场空间，容纳不同类型的表演艺术。大剧院对面是可容纳 800 席的蓝盒子，是最具实验性作品的演出场所。© OMA by Chris Stowers© OMA by Frans Parthesius
结构等技术方面的设计由奥雅纳提供，针对中心几何设计复杂、质量分布不均和功能多样化的特点，工程师们在方形体外部使用了一个横向扭转刚性的支撑结构来承担全部横向受力和大部分重力。这个结构方案使内部“悬空”而错落的结构得以实现，并允许剧场空间自由组合。该结构支撑与观众席的柱体共同承力，使三个剧场更稳定，为其提供更好的水平支撑及扭转刚性支持。
台湾位于地震带，对此，奥雅纳采用基础隔震技术增加建筑整体抗震能力，在底部使用摩擦摆式支座提供高阻尼和降低基层剪力，有效减弱地震中的建筑晃动。这也是台湾首座使用摩擦摆式支座的建筑物。
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弗兰克盖里事务所
技术创新点：玻璃‘白帆’外壳
项目位于巴黎布罗涅森林区的动植物公园，该建筑是对 19 世纪玻璃花园建筑的致敬。临岸于为项目特别设计的水景花园，建筑表皮由一块巨大的预应力混凝土板所组成，从外观上看如同一个白色片状物组成的艺术装置（被称为“冰山”）。建筑周围12片巨大的玻璃“帆”由木结构梁支撑。“帆”表皮给予了路易斯威登博物馆以透明性和动态性----水、木结构和花园景观的反射以及不断变换的光影效果。
